Noting that the largest share of historical and current global emissions of greenhouse gases has originated in developed countries, that per capita emissions in developing countries are still relatively low and that the share of global emissions originating in developing countries will grow to meet their social and development needs. Reaffirming the principle of sovereignty of States in international co-operation to address climate change. Its operation shall be entrusted to one or more existing international entities. Recognizing that steps required to understand and address climate change will be environmentally, socially and economically most effective if they are based on relevant scientific, technical and economic considerations and continually re-evaluated in the light of new findings in these areas. (g) To perform the other secretariat functions specified in the Convention and in any of its protocols and such other functions as may be determined by the Conference of the Parties. "Adverse effects of climate change" means change in the physical environment or biota resulting from climate change which have significant deleterious effects on the composition, resilience or productivity of natural and managed ecosystems or on the operation of socio-economic systems or on human health and welfare. 10. Recalling the provisions of General Assembly resolution 44/228 of 22 December 1989 on the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, and resolutions 43/53 of 6 December 1988,44/207 of 22 December 1989, 45/212 of 21 December 1990 and 46/169 of 19 December 1991 on protection of global climate for present and future generations of mankind,.Recalling also the provisions of General Assembly resolution 44/206 of 22 December 1989 on the possible adverse effects of sea level rise on islands and coastal areas, particularly low-lying coastal areas and the pertinent provisions of General Assembly resolution 44/172 of 19 December 1989 on the implementation of the Plan of Action to Combat Desertification. Any regional economic integration organization which becomes a Party to the Convention without any of its Member States being a Party shall be bound by all the obligations under the Convention. 9. It shall be open for accession from the day after the date on which the Convention is closed for signature. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted May 9, 1992, by the resumed fifth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a Framework Convention on Climate Change ("Convention"), and signed on behalf of the United States at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro on June 12, 1992. 3. The ultimate objective of the Convention … 5. Within four years thereafter, the Conference of the Parties shall review the financial mechanism and take appropriate measures. Additional procedures relating to conciliation shall be adopted by the Conference of the Parties, as soon as practicable, in an annex on conciliation. 3. The UNFCCC was adopted in 1992 and entered into force in March 1994 and now has 195 members. (ii) the development and implementation of education and training programmes, including the strengthening of national institutions and the exchange or secondment of personnel to train experts in this field, in particular for developing countries. 3. Any body or agency, whether national or international, governmental or non-governmental, which is qualified in matters covered by the Convention, and which has informed the secretariat of its wish to be represented at a session of the Conference of the Parties as an observer, may be so admitted unless at least one-third of the Parties present object. 1 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, opened for signature June 4, 1992, S. Treaty Doc. To this end, it shall: (a) Periodically examine the obligations of the Parties and the institutional arrangements under the Convention, in the light of the objective of the Convention, the experience gained in its implementation and the evolution of scientific and technological knowledge; (b) Promote and facilitate the exchange of information on measures adopted by the Parties to address climate change and its effects, taking into account the differing circumstances, responsibilities and capabilities of the Parties and their respective commitments under the Convention; (c) Facilitate, at the request of two or more Parties, the coordination of measures adopted by them to address climate change and its effects, taking into account the differing circumstances, responsibilities and capabilities of the Parties and their respective commitments under the Convention; (d) Promote and guide, in accordance with the objective and provisions of the Convention, the development and periodic refinement of comparable methodologies, to be agreed on by the Conference of the Parties, inter alia, for preparing inventories of green-house gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks, and for evaluating the effectiveness of measures to limit the emissions and enhance the removals of these gases; (e) Assess, on the basis of all information made available to it in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, the implementation of the Convention by the Parties, the overall effects of the measures taken pursuant to the Convention, in particular environmental, economic and social effects as well as their cumulative impacts and the extent to which progress towards the objective of the Convention is being achieved; (f) Consider and adopt regular reports on the implementation of the Convention and ensure their publication; (g) Make recommendations on any matters necessary for the implementation of the Convention; (h) Seek to mobilize financial resources in accordance with Article 4, paragraphs 3, 4 and 5, and Article 11; (i) Establish such subsidiary bodies as are deemed necessary for the implementation of the Convention; (j) Review reports submitted by its subsidiary bodies and provide guidance to them; (k) Agree upon and adopt, by consensus, rules of procedure and financial rules for itself and for any subsidiary bodies; (l) Seek and utilize, where appropriate, the services and co-operation of, and information provided by, competent international organizations and intergovernmental and non-governmental bodies; and. Its sister Rio Conventions are the UN Convention on Biological Diversity and the Convention to Combat Desertification. 2. The Conference of the Parties shall, at its first session, adopt its own rules of procedure as well as those of the subsidiary bodies established by the Convention, which shall include decision-making procedures for matters not already covered by decision-making procedures stipulated in the Convention. The adopted amendment shall be communicated by the secretariat to the Depositary, who shall circulate it to all Parties for their acceptance. 5. 7. The Parties shall take full account of the specific needs and special situations of the least developed countries in their actions with regard to funding and transfer of technology. The Conference of the Parties shall, at its first session, consider the establishment of a multilateral consultative process, available to Parties on their request, for the resolution of questions regarding the implementation of the Convention. A Conference of the Parties is hereby established. Noting the Ministerial Declaration of the Second World Climate Conference adopted on 7 November 1990. United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change 1992, Rights: Copyright ©  1992 United Nations (UN). Parties that are least developed countries may make their initial communication at their discretion. 10. Such procedures may include specified majorities required for the adoption of particular decisions. The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency, as well as any State Member thereof or observers thereto not Party to the Convention, may be represented at sessions of the Conference of the Parties as observers. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted May 9, 1992, by the resumed fifth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a Framework Convention on Climate Change ("Convention"), and signed on behalf of the United States at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro on June 12, 1992. 2. It shall report regularly to the Conference of the Parties on all aspects of its work. In carrying out their commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1(g), the Parties shall: (a) Support and further develop, as appropriate, international and intergovernmental programmes and networks or organizations aimed at defining, conducting, assessing and financing research, data collection and systematic observation, taking into account the need to minimize duplication of effort; (b) Support international and intergovernmental efforts to strengthen systematic observation and national scientific and technical research capacities and capabilities, particularly in developing countries, and to promote access to, and the exchange of, data and analyses thereof obtained from areas beyond national jurisdiction; and. All of these culminated in the establishment of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, in 1992. "Emissions" means the release of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors into the atmosphere over a specified area and period of time. define:United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was set up in the year 1992 by all the countries to monitor the climate of the world. (b) Arbitration in accordance with procedures to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties as soon as practicable, in an annex on arbitration. Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 14, paragraphs 2(b) and 7, such annexes shall be restricted to lists, forms and any other material of a descriptive nature that is of a scientific, technical, procedural or administrative character. By that date, the Convention had 165 signatories. Resolution of advice and consent to ratification agreed to in Senate by Division Vote. A conciliation commission shall be created upon the request of one of the parties to the dispute. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is an international treaty, that was signed on 9 May 1993 and entered into force on 21 March 1994.It wants to slow the speed at which the climate of the earth changes. 3. 4. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE The Parties to this Convention, Acknowledging that change in the Earth’s climate and its adverse effects are a common concern of humankind, Concerned that human activities … The amendment shall enter into force for any other Party on the ninetieth day after the date on which that Party deposits with the Depositary its instrument of acceptance of the said amendment. The secretariat functions referred to in Article 8 will be carried out on an interim basis by the secretariat established by the General Assembly of the United Nations in its resolution 45/212 of 21 December 1990, until the completion of the first session of the Conference of the Parties. A declaration made under paragraph 2 above shall remain in force until it expires in accordance with its terms or until three months after written notice of its revocation has been deposited with the Depositary. This Framework acknowledges the existence of human-induced clim Reported by Mr. Pell, Committee on Foreign Relations, with printed report - Ex.Rept. 1. Recognizing the special difficulties of those countries, especially developing countries, whose economies are particularly dependent on fossil fuel production, use and exportation, as a consequence of action taken on limiting greenhouse gas emissions. The admission and participation of observers shall be subject to the rules of procedure adopted by the Conference of the Parties. An annex that has been adopted in accordance with paragraph 2 above shall enter into force for all Parties to the Convention six months after the date of the communication by the Depositary to such Parties of the adoption of the annex, except for those Parties that have notified the Depositary, in writing, within that period of their non-acceptance of the annex. 5. The text of any proposed amendment to the Convention shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six months before the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. This information will be reviewed by the Conference of the Parties, at its first session and periodically thereafter, in accordance with Article 7; (c) Calculations of emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases for the purposes of subparagraph (b) above should take into account the best available scientific knowledge, including of the effective capacity of sinks and the respective contributions of such gases to climate change. The UNFCCC is a “Rio Convention”, one of three adopted at the “Rio Earth Summit” in 1992. Kicks off formal consideration of adaptation to climate change. "Reservoir" means a component or components of the climate system where a greenhouse gas or a precursor of a greenhouse gas is stored. A subsidiary body for scientific and technological advice is hereby established to provide the Conference of the Parties and, as appropriate, its other subsidiary bodies.with timely information and advice on scientific and technological matters relating to the Convention. No reservations may be made to the Convention. A UN framework adopted during the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992. 3. (d) Determination in a predictable and identifiable manner of the amount of funding necessary and available for the implementation of this Convention and the conditions under which that amount shall be periodically reviewed. The Convention was later opened for signature from 4 June 1992 onward at the Rio Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1. For the purposes of this Article, "Parties present and voting" means Parties present and casting an affirmative or negative vote. Such review shall be carried out in the light of the best available scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, as well as relevant technical, social and economic information. The financial mechanism shall have an equitable and balanced representation of all Parties within a transparent system of governance. A Party which is a regional economic integration organization may make a declaration with like effect in relation to arbitration in accordance with the procedures referred to in subparagraph (b) above. For each State or regional economic integration organization that ratifies, accepts or approves the Convention or accedes thereto after the deposit of the fiftieth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the day of deposit by such State or regional economic integration organization of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. 3. This conference ushered in numerous global negotiations and international agreements on the environment. The Parties should take precautionary measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize the causes of climate change and mitigate its adverse effects. The developed country Parties may also provide and developing country Parties avail themselves of, financial resources related to the implementation of the Convention through bilateral, regional and other multilateral channels. When ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to the Convention, or at any time thereafter, a Party which is not a regional economic integration organization may declare in a written instrument submitted to the Depositary that, in respect of any dispute concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention, it recognizes as compulsory ipso facto and without special agreement, in relation to any Party accepting the same obligation: (a) Submission of the dispute to the International Court of Justice, and/or. Recognizing that all countries, especially developing countries, need access to resources required to achieve sustainable social and economic development and that, in order for developing countries to progress towards that goal, their energy consumption will need to grow taking into account the possibilities for achieving greater energy efficiency and for controlling greenhouse gas emissions in general, including through the application of new technologies on terms which make such an application economically and socially beneficial,.Determined to protect the climate system for present and future generations. 4. The Depositary shall inform the other signatories and Parties of any such notification. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 3 above shall enter into force for those Parties having accepted it on the ninetieth day after the date of receipt by the Depositary of an instrument of acceptance by at least three-fourths of the Parties to the Convention. The text to the Convention was produced by an Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee and subsequently adopted on 9 May 1992 in New York, USA. Senate Consideration of Treaty Document 102-38, Blog – In Custodia Legis: Law Librarians of Congress. Committee on Foreign Relations. Regional economic integration organizations, in matters within their competence, shall exercise their right to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of their Member States that are Parties to the Convention. 102-55. In 1992, its “Earth Summit” produced the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as a first step in addressing the climate change problem. The annex shall enter into force for Parties which withdraw their notification of non-acceptance on the ninetieth day after the date on which withdrawal of such notification has been received by the Depositary. Such an organization shall not exercise its right to vote if any of its Member States exercises its right, and vice versa. 2. Efforts to address climate change may be carried out cooperatively by interested Parties. Das Rahmenübereinkommen der Vereinten Nationen über Klimaänderungen (engl. Annexes to the Convention shall form an integral part thereof and, unless otherwise expressly provided, a reference to the Convention constitutes at the same time a reference to any annexes thereto. (m) Exercise such other functions as are required for the achievement of the objective of the Convention as well as all other functions assigned to it under the Convention. 5. In the implementation of the commitments in this Article, the Parties shall give full consideration to what actions are necessary under the Convention, including actions related to funding, insurance and the transfer of technology, to meet the specific needs and concerns of developing country Parties arising from the adverse effects of climate change and/or the impact of the implementation of response measures, especially on: (b) Countries with low-lying coastal areas; (c) Countries with arid and semi-arid areas, forested areas and areas liable to forest decay; (d) Countries with areas prone to natural disasters; (e) Countries with areas liable to drought and desertification; (f) Countries with areas of high urban atmospheric pollution; (g) Countries with areas with fragile ecosystems, including mountainous ecosystems; (h) Countries whose economies are highly dependent on income generated from the production, processing and export, and/or on consumption of fossil fuels and associated energy-intensive products; and. Based on this review, the Conference of the Parties shall take appropriate action, which may include the adoption of amendments to the commitments in subparagraphs (a) and (b) above. It entered into force on 21 March 1994 and has been ratified by 196 States, known as its State Parties. Accordingly, the developed country Parties should take the lead in combating climate change and the adverse effects thereof. Under the guidance of the Conference of the Parties, and drawing upon existing competent international bodies, this body shall: (a) Provide assessments of the state of scientific knowledge relating to climate change and its effects; (b) Prepare scientific assessments on the effects of measures taken in the implementation of the Convention; (c) Identify innovative, efficient and state-of-the-art technologies and know-how and advise on the ways and means of promoting development and/or transferring such technologies; (d) Provide advice on scientific programmes, international co-operation in research and development related to climate change, as well as on ways and means of supporting endogenous capacity-building in developing countries; and. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, the amendment shall as a last resort be adopted by a three-fourths majority vote of the Parties present and voting at the meeting. The developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in annex II shall take all practicable steps to promote, facilitate and finance, as appropriate, the transfer of, or access to, environmentally sound technologies and know-how to other Parties, particularly developing country Parties, to enable them to implement the provisions of the Convention. The Parties should protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future generations of humankind, on the basis of equity and in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. 2. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Description: In 1992 countries joined an international treaty, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), to cooperatively consider what they could do to limit average global temperature increases and the resulting climate change, and to cope with whatever impacts were, by then, inevitable. 8. This body shall be open to participation by all Parties and shall be multidisciplinary. In such cases, the organization and the Member States shall not be entitled to exercise rights under the Convention concurrently. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement: A Summary The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has been the principle forum for cooperation among nations on greenhouse gas (GHG)-induced climate change since its adoption in 1992. (c) Any other information that the Party considers relevant to the achievement of the objective of the Convention and suitable for inclusion in its communication, including, if feasible, material relevant for calculations of global emission trends. 1. 5); (e) Establishment of a Conference of Parties, to be the supreme body of the Convention … In the implementation of their commitments under paragraph 2 above, a certain degree of flexibility shall be allowed by the Conference of the Parties to the Parties included in annex 1 undergoing the process of transition to a market economy, in order to enhance the ability of these Parties to address climate change, including with regard to the historical level of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol chosen as a reference. In the event of a dispute between any two or more Parties concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention, the Parties concerned shall seek a settlement of the dispute through negotiation or any other peaceful means of their own choice. 3. Die wichtigste Verp… In an enormous negotiation effort which involved more than 140 States and took less than seventeen months, the Committee fulfilled its mandate and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was open for signature at UNCED from 4 to 14 June 1992, and thereafter at United Nations Headquarters in New York until 19 June 1993. 1. The Parties should co-operate to promote a supportive and open international economic system that would lead to sustainable economic growth and development in all Parties, particularly developing country Parties, thus enabling them better to address the problems of climate change. In accordance with Article 4, paragraph 1, each Party shall communicate to the Conference of the Parties, through the secretariat, the following elements of information: (a) A national inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, to the extent its capacities permit, using comparable methodologies to be promoted and agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties; (b) A general description of steps taken or envisaged by the Party to implement the Convention; and. In their actions to achieve the objective of the Convention and to implement its provisions, the Parties shall be guided, inter alia, by the following: 1. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (c) Assist the Conference of the Parties, as appropriate, in the preparation and implementation of its decisions. The convention is support by a secretariat … 7. 1. This body shall be open to participation by all Parties and comprise government representatives who are experts on matters related to climate change. Now, after a decade, they provide coherent frameworks, as well as practical tools and actions for … 1. "Climate system" means the totality of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and geosphere and their interactions. It shall function under the guidance of and be accountable to the Conference of the Parties, which shall decide on its policies, programme priorities and eligibility criteria related to this Convention. In their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, regional economic integration organizations shall declare the extent of their competence with respect to the matters governed by the Convention. In the case of such organizations, one or more of whose Member States is a Party to the Convention, the organization and its Member States shall decide on their respective responsibilities for the performance of their obligations under the Convention. 8. 154 countries signed the treaty in 1992 in New York. These Parties may implement such policies and measures jointly with other Parties and may assist other Parties in contributing to the achievement of the objective of the Convention and, in particular, that of this subparagraph; (b) In order to promote progress to this end, each of these Parties shall communicate, within six months of the entry into force of the Convention for it and periodically thereafter, and in accordance with Article 12, detailed information on its policies and measures referred to in subparagraph (a) above, as well as on its resulting projected anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol for the period referred to in subparagraph (a), with the aim of returning individually or jointly to their 1990 levels of these anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol. 2. 8. The Parties have a right to, and should, promote sustainable development. Concerned that human activities have been substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, that these increases enhance the natural greenhouse effect, and that this will result on average in an additional warming of the Earth's surface and atmosphere and may adversely affect natural ecosystems and humankind. Noting that there are many uncertainties in predictions of climate change, particularly with regard to the timing, magnitude and regional patterns thereof. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC) is an international environmental treaty produced at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.The treaty is aimed at reducing emissions of greenhouse gas in order to combat global warming.

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